Electricity consumption in Russia's Unified Energy System was 1,161.2 billion kWh in 2025, 1.1% lower than in 2024, and installed capacity of its power plants was 264,851 MW on 1 January 2026, according to the System Operator. System Operator of the Unified Energy System (SO UES)
Policy and incentives
Federal Law No. 242-FZ of 21 July 2014 amends Russian legislation on the processing of personal data in information and telecommunication networks. The law entered into force on 1 September 2015.
Federal Law No. 244-FZ of 23 July 2025 amends the Law 'On Communications' to define a data centre (ЦОД) in law and provides for a register of data centres located in Russia. Placing mining infrastructure, mining itself and mining-pool activity is banned in data centres included in the register. The law took effect on official publication, with some provisions from 1 March 2026.
Government Resolution No. 1869 of 23 December 2024 banned crypto mining from 1 January 2025 until 15 March 2031 in 10 regions, including Dagestan, Ingushetia, North Ossetia, Chechnya, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. In parts of Irkutsk Oblast, Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai a seasonal ban applies each year from 15 November to 15 March. Federal Tax Service of Russia (Saratov region office), presentation on mining legislation
Government Resolution No. 936 of 25 July 2026 added Moscow, Moscow Oblast and eight districts of Kursk Oblast to the list of territories where crypto mining is restricted. The restriction applies from 15 August 2026 to 31 December 2032.
In his address to the Federal Assembly on 29 February 2024, President Putin announced the national project 'Data Economy', with at least RUB 700 billion to be allocated over six years. One stated goal is to increase the total capacity of Russian supercomputers at least tenfold by 2030.
Power and grid
Electricity consumption in the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia was 1,161.2 billion kWh in 2025, down 1.1% from 1,174.0 billion kWh in 2024. Installed capacity of UES power plants was 264,851 MW on 1 January 2026. System Operator of the UES, report on UES functioning in 2025
On 26 January 2026 UES power demand reached a new all-time maximum of 175,118 MW during the morning peak, 3,729 MW above the previous record of 11 December 2023, according to the System Operator. System Operator of the UES (press release)
Deputy Energy Minister Petr Konyushenko said in September 2026 that grid-connected data centres in Russia total about 5 GW. Most are in Moscow and St Petersburg, and new connection applications also mainly target these areas, adding load to regional grids.
According to System Operator data reported by TASS, the share of data centres in Russia's electricity consumption rose from 1.4% in 2022 to 2.2% in 2025.
Between 23 June and 3 July 2026 the System Operator recorded new summer peak demand in six regional power systems in Siberia and the Far East, including Buryatia (750 MW on 29 June), Novosibirsk Oblast (2,142 MW) and Khakassia (2,023 MW). System Operator of the UES (press release)
Land, zoning and sites
Moscow city government reported in June 2022 that five data centres were operating in the Technopolis Moscow special economic zone (SEZ), and that SEZ companies had invested more than 9 billion roubles in building and developing data centres there. A further data centre of about 850 sq m, roughly 2.5 MW and 132 racks was announced for the zone. mos.ru (Moscow city government)
Residents of the Technopolis Moscow SEZ pay 0% property tax and 0% land tax for 10 years (land tax rises to 1.5% after the benefit period). The regional share of profit tax is 0% until 2027, and the federal share is 2%.
In February 2024 Moscow city government reported that construction had finished on a Tier IV data centre in the Southern Chertanovo district (Dorozhnaya St. 9). The seven-storey building covers almost 21,000 sq m, has four machine halls of 910 IT racks each and a total capacity of more than 35 MW. The investor paid for the work. mos.ru (Moscow city government)
State corporation Rosatom reported that in 2024 it launched the first phase of its Innopolis data centre in Tatarstan, with 1,000 rack places in four machine halls of 250 racks each. The same year it commissioned the Moscow-2 data centre with 3,640 rack places.
Demand and connectivity
Rostelecom's data centre subsidiary RTK-DC reported in May 2026 that it runs 26 Tier III-certified data centres with 27,800 racks and 235 MW of total capacity. It added about 1,400 rack places in 2025, 5% more than in 2024, and has invested more than 38 billion roubles in expanding the network.
State operator Rostelecom reported that its fibre-optic broadband subscriber base among households reached 12.2 million at the end of Q2 2025. In the same quarter it installed more than 800 racks at its Udomlya-3 data centre.
Internet exchange operator MSK-IX reported on 8 September 2026 that peak load on its distributed exchange network reached 8.7 Tbit/s. It had more than 1,200 clients, including 624 traffic-exchange participants.
From 1 February 2024 hosting providers operating in Russia must be listed in a register kept by Roskomnadzor, which began forming in December 2023. As of 8 February 2024, 265 providers were on the register and 89 applications were under review.
Sustainability, water and climate
Russia's second NDC under the Paris Agreement, submitted to the UNFCCC in 2025, sets a target of cutting greenhouse gas emissions to 65-67% of 1990 levels by 2035. It is based on Presidential Decree No. 547 of 6 August 2025. UNFCCC (Russian Federation second NDC)
Russia's Strategy of Socio-Economic Development with Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions to 2050, prepared under Presidential Decree No. 666 of 4 November 2020, sets a target scenario of reaching a balance between greenhouse gas emissions and absorption no later than 2060. Under that scenario, net emissions in 2050 are 60% below the 2019 level and 80% below the 1990 level. UNFCCC (Russian low-GHG development strategy)
The System Operator reports that in 2024 power plants in Russia's unified and technologically isolated power systems produced 1,182 TWh of electricity: thermal 63.0%, nuclear 18.25%, hydro 17.95% and renewable-energy plants 0.8%. Electricity consumption in the UES of Russia in 2024 was 1,156 TWh. System Operator of the UES (draft SiPR 2026-2031)
Russia's second NDC states that about 37% of the country's electricity generation was low-carbon as of 2024. UNFCCC (Russian Federation second NDC)